United Kingdom of Israel
Years: c. 1050-930 BC
Capital: Gibeah (Saul), then Jerusalem (David and Solomon)
Duration: Approximately 120 years
Kingdom Split (930 BC)
After Solomon's death, his son Rehoboam's harsh response caused the northern tribes to rebel, creating two kingdoms: Israel (North) under Jeroboam I and Judah (South) under Rehoboam.
Kingdom of Judah (Southern Kingdom)
Capital: Jerusalem
Tribes: Judah and Benjamin
Duration: 930-586 BC (344 years)
Number of Kings: 20 rulers (19 kings and 1 queen)
Fall of Jerusalem (586 BC)
After 18-month siege by Nebuchadnezzar, Jerusalem fell. The Temple was destroyed, the king was blinded and taken captive, and the people were exiled to Babylon, ending the Kingdom of Judah.
Kingdom of Israel (Northern Kingdom)
Capital: Shechem (initial), then Tirzah, then Samaria (from Omri onward)
Tribes: 10 tribes (all except Judah and Benjamin)
Duration: 930-722 BC (208 years)
Number of Kings: 19 rulers across 9 dynasties
Fall of Samaria (722 BC)
After 3-year siege by Assyria under Shalmaneser V and Sargon II, Samaria fell. The Israelites were deported to Assyria, and foreign peoples were settled in the land, ending the Northern Kingdom.